The symbols depicted here are frequently found in ancient rituals of protection and vengeance. The inverted pentagram, specifically, was widely used in ancient rituals associated with the invocation of dark forces or punishment against enemies.
Other smaller symbols around the pentagram suggest specific intentions on the part of the executor, often associated with deep personal desires or past grievances. These rituals require rigorous precision and specific knowledge about the correct placement of symbols, which was believed to amplify the power and effectiveness of the executor's intentions.
Historically, such rituals were practiced secretly, and their details were transmitted only orally among trusted practitioners, to avoid persecutions or misunderstandings by local authorities.